An Interpretation Of Religion By David Nah - 865 Words

â€Å"I want to say that the noumenal Real is experienced and thought by different human mentalities, forming and formed by different religious traditions.† - John Hick In â€Å"An Interpretation of Religion† Hick argues how all religions are ambiguously and culturally designed to answer all of life’s questions. A renowned theologian, philosopher and religious pluralist, Hick firmly agrees world religions are diverse paths to meet the â€Å"Real† or â€Å"Truth†. David Nah’s Christian Theology and Religious Pluralism: A Critical Evaluation of John Hick criticizes Hick’s hypothesis discusses how the Christian theology uniquely differs from world religions. The New Age generation has made religious pluralism a pivotal acknowledgement for society as it continues to omit the fundamental factors of the Christian doctrine, an evident study that already answers life’s toughest questions. The world’s most commonly followed religions its path to truth consists: †¢ Hinduism: Universally viewed as a polytheistic religion and one of the oldest. Its 900 million followers’ spiritual goal is to merge as one with Brahma, its supreme God. This achievement is through reincarnation determined on karma, depending ones past deeds coinciding to one’s future. †¢ Buddhism: One of the most leading beliefs in the Sinic world. Its founder, Siddhartha Gautama, discovered the reach of Enlightenment by the Four Noble Truths: to live means to suffer, the affliction causes passion, the ability to end affliction

The Importance Of Csr And Its Reputation As A Leader Of...

Despite being costly to businesses from one end, these businesses understand the risk that lack of CSR can have especially in damaging their reputation. The negative image associated with the company will result in boycotting their products or lack of appeal in them which hurt businesses. In order to effectively manage CSR, businesses have realized that the traditional tools are failing in the delivery of goals and new tools have been devised for the same. According to Auld, Bernstein and Cashore (2008), companies stand to gain from CSR though they at liberty to use either defensive or offensive approaches. In this case, a business can use CSR to gain competitive advantage or avoid disadvantages associated with the same. Some of the advantages include: Positive Corporate Image: As mentioned above, Nestle is recognized for its reputation as a leader in corporate responsibility. This recognition has gone a long way in polishing its image in global standards which has resulted in a positive brand. Business image is significant to any business in terms of securing positive relationships with stakeholders who associate the brand with sustainability. As a result, any negative publicity is easy to wade off and remaking troubled segments becomes easy. Competitive Advantage: the positive brand image and transparency that comes with CSR plays a significant role in pushing a business’ stakes in the market. The transparency created as a result of better engagement with stakeholders isShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between Corporate Social Responsibility And The Competitive Advantage Of A Company1332 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this essay is to show that the link between Corporate Social Responsibility the competitive advantage of a company is often viewed to be positive if environmental limits, social needs corporate interests are all coordinated within the given framework (Porter Kramer, 2011). Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) can be classified as the actions of firms that contribute to social welfare, beyond what is required for profit maximization (McWilliams, 2015). EconomistRead MoreThe Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility Development1196 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction Recent decades have witnessed the importance of Corporate Social Responsibility development in business landscapeï ¼Å'which is defined as be responsibility to all corporation activities with environment sustainable. Whether a small enterprise or a multinational company, CSR is an integral part of company to promote brand imageï ¼Å'enhance social harmony. And it also become a standard of company working measurement. Internallyï ¼Å'the CSR activities give staff respect and welfare, and for externalRead MoreThe Modern Era Of Social Responsibility1523 Words   |  7 Pagesimplement. Through effort and diligence, corporate and organizational leaders can responsibly serve the global community in which they provide goods and services. Corporate social responsibility, otherwise known as CSR, has been a topic of interest for centuries. However, the modern era of social responsibility didn’t begin until the 1950s when Howerd R. Bowen (often attributed as the Father of Corporate Social Responsibility) published Social Responsibilities of the Businessman in 1953. Here he presentedRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreBmw : The World s Most Successful And Sustainable Premium Provider Of Individual Mobility1536 Words   |  7 PagesBMW is a leader in the automotive industry when it comes to CSR management. BMW’s vision statement says â€Å"The BMW Group is the world’s most successful and sustainable premium provider of individual mobility† (Sustainable Value Report, 2015, p. 9). BMW has a long, established history of consistently improving their social responsibility policies and processes. In fact, BMW was the first automobile manufacturer to appoint and environmental officer (McElhaney, Toffel, and Hill, 2004, p. 104). As aRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1680 Words   |  7 PagesCorporate social responsibility, or CSR, is becoming increasingly important in the framework of modern businesses. Many companies do not place an emphasis on CSR because they are unaware of the range of benefits it can bring. Throughout this essay I will discuss the importance of corporate social responsibility by assessing the rewards that certain avenues of CSR conduct can bring to companies and how lacklustre attempts to do so can reflect poorly on the CSR field as a whole, resorting to questioningRead MoreEnvironmental Performance Management : Corporate Social Responsibility1052 Words   |  5 Pages Environmental Performance Management Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a concept companies utilize to decide voluntarily in contributing to a better and cleaner environment. Growing concerns by leaders has realized the importance of CSR to maximize optimal profits of their firms. Companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations as well as with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. Labbai, (2007) defines CSR as a continuing commitment by business toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCase Study : Open Payday Loan Offices1299 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing the Corporate Responsibility Committee to play a role in the decision to open payday loan offices. This report is based on the involvement of Corporate Responsibility Committees in other organizations and their benefits to those organizations. CRCs are responsible for listening to the concerns that society has about their business. Listening to and acting on those concerns can create many benefits for the organization. These benefits include maintaining our excelle nt reputation, gaining moreRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility: A case study of The body shop1223 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Explain with examples what is meant by Corporate Social Responsibility and discuss why it is important to modern business In today’s world, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been one of the topics that every company must be concerned with. It is usually viewed as a legal obligation for every company to create social benefits alongside with the profit gains (Peng and Meyer 2011, p.297). CSR is a crucial factor for our society and environment. If there is no campaign to encourage us to

The Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence - 1595 Words

Nick Bostrom’s article for the Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence introduces Artificial Intelligence (AI), the process by which a computer performs a task that would typically require a human. He breaks down the incredibly broad field of Artificial Intelligence into four main categories: â€Å"Artificial General Intelligence† (3), â€Å"Machines with Moral Status† (6), â€Å"Minds with Exotic Properties† (9), and â€Å"Superintelligence† (14), describing the characteristics and ethical components of each section. Bostrom is the Professor of Philosophy at Oxford University and the â€Å"Director of the Future of Humanity Institute within the Oxford Martin School† (18) with more than 200 publications centered around the risk of Artificial Intelligence on†¦show more content†¦This means that the task could have beneficial or harmful effects, but the end result is currently unknown. In this section, Bostrom spends most of his time using logos to explain an AGI, emphasizing the unknown inner workings, and rushes his relation of ethics to Artificial General Intelligence. To begin talking about ethics, he brings in Drew McDermott, a Yale Professor of cognitive sciences, to confirm that how an AGI will function is purely speculative, we cannot know for certain, and forwards that this ambiguity of an AGI’s processes can make the researchers nervous about pursuing a potentially disastrous product. Furthermore, Bostrom warns that the â€Å"behavior of the AI may not be predictable †¦ even if the programmers do everything right† (6), ending with the sentiments that the ethics regarding AGI’s must be restricted in order to attempt and verify the safety of these unknown, internal processes. Bostrom explained what an AGI is, and praised the current work of artificial intelligences, citing their various positive applications that will benefit a lar ge portion of humanity; however, he quickly pivots, warning that the unknown and potentially dangerous internal machinations of an AGI should concern the average human. Bostrom uses this appeal to fear to forward his overall intentions that an AGI will be beneficial to the human race and thereforeShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Artificial Intelligence1409 Words   |  6 PagesOn the topic of artificial intelligence (AI), one may suppose that an ethical foundation has already been lain in place. One may presume so based on how integral it has grown to our lives, developing a co-existence with our communications devices, such as in the case of Siri or Google Now in the iOS and Android ecosystems, respectively. Such is not the case, however, as the topic of ethics when developing and maintaining artificial intelligence systems is a hotly debated one. As it turns out, peopleRead More The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence Essay2537 Words   |  11 Pagesthe accomplishments of the human r ace. It is a phrase that inspires fear for the mankind. Artificial intelligence has the potential for great, wondrous things, as well as those that are horrid and terrible. Writers have often played on this fear of other forms of intelligence – this fear of the unknown – and nothing can be worse than being outsmarted and surpassed by one’s own creation. Artificial intelligence, or AI, has the potential to be extremely beneficial to humanity, but there are costs andRead MoreThe Ethics And Its Relation With Artificial Intelligence2747 Words   |  11 Pagesdimensions of a technological society. This paper also describes about the new technologies and their ethical issues. This paper explains what is Artificial Ethics and its relation with Artificial Intelligence. This paper gives idea about the ethical problems in the cyber space and also machine ethics in the cyberspace. WHAT IS ETHICS? â€Å"Ethics are the set of moral principles influencing conduct.† What is TechnoEthics? â€Å"Technoethics is defined as an interdisciplinaryRead MoreThe Moral And Ethical Issues Of Artificial Intelligence1151 Words   |  5 Pagesinterweaved into the culture’s fabric and became acceptable. The key to understanding the moral and ethical issues raised by artificial intelligence are the four levels on which intelligent artifacts raise ethical and moral problems. The first level concerns the ethical uses of computers and how humans respond to a world that is constantly being transformed by artificial intelligence machines. With the rapid growth of the internet, it sets the values of people’s security and privacy to a higher standardRead MoreArtificial Intelligence And The Singularity Conference1149 Words   |  5 PagesRecently there was a speech at the Artificial Intelligence and The Singularity Conference in Oakland, California. There was a great lineup of speakers, including AI experts Peter Voss and Monica Anderson, New York Uni versity professor Gary Marcus, sci-fi writer Nicole Sallak Anderson, and futurist Scott Jackisch. All of us are interested in how the creation of artificial intelligence will affect the world. The topic was â€Å"The Morality of an Artificial Intelligence Will be Different from our HumanRead MoreThe Government Should Regulate Artificial Intelligence1655 Words   |  7 PagesXin Zhai Prof. Sanchez WRT 150-08 28 October 2016 The Government Should Regulate Artificial Intelligence People have already realized that Artificial Intelligence (AI) gradually occupies our life in different aspect and presents in different forms. AI will help big companies to cope with their data analysis and provide them with the best-calculated strategy. AI robots have already been employed in some countries like Japan to help with old people or patients who suffer from mental illness. BesidesRead MoreEthical Issues with Artificial Intelligence1471 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the past two hundred years, scientist have made numerous achievements not thought of in previous centuries. There is a questions that some people have begun to ask â€Å"Will science ever advance to far?† Some believe this is the case with artificial intelligence or AI, which is the theory or goal of a series of accomplishments that would allow a computer to house a sentient life form. The idea of AI has formally been around since around 1956. There has been very slow but steady progress towards aRead M oreHow Artificial Intelligence Will Impact The World900 Words   |  4 Pages Zoltan recently spoke at the Artificial Intelligence and The Singularity Conference in Oakland, California. It had AI specialists Peter Voss and Monica Anderson, New York University educator Gary Marcus, science fiction author Nicole Sallak Anderson, and futurist Scott Jackisch. We were fascinated in how artificial intelligence will impact the world. My subject was The Morality of an Artificial Intelligence Will be Different from our Human Morality. Elon Musk an entrepreneur made the headlinesRead MoreEssay On Artificial Intelligence1515 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction I chose Artificial Intelligence since I believe that it is extremely intriguing and important in the field of Information Technology. Artificial Intelligence is the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages. AI is usually defined as the capability of a computer program to perform tasks or reasoning processes that we associateRead MoreThe Importance Of Artificial Intelligence In The Military1524 Words   |  7 Pagestechnologically advanced, the development of artificial intelligence for specific fields of work is becoming more prevalent. One of these fields where artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to grow rapidly is in the military. All branches of the military are beginning to develop and implement AI on the battlefront in order to replace human soldiers. However, the use of AI to perform life and death decision s is a highly debated over topic. The morals and ethics behind letting a computer decide to take

Marriage Essay The Merchant s Tale - 985 Words

Julie Rowland Mrs. Toppin English IV 10/6/14 Marriage in â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale† Early British writing like The Canterbury’s Tale section of â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale† written by Geoffrey Chaucer, the father of English poetry, reflect on social values. Much of the tale speaks about a marriage that over flows of vices. Societies vision of how marriages should work, display the vices of holy matrimony. The corruptness of societies views on marriage lead to a loveless marriage. Chaucer reflects on how much societies views influenced marriages in the 1300’s; he shows this by using conflicts in marriage of man verses himself, women versus herself, and man versus women. Marriages in the 1300’s have to deal with the conflict of man verses himself due to the roles and powers society believes a man should full fill instead of the way a man wants to operate. â€Å"The Merchant’s Tale† illustrates through January’s decision about marriage, how he accepts what he has to perform in the holy bond. Matrimony proves corrupt due to societies’ view. Rosalyn Rossignol states in her book, Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, that January’s decision on the â€Å"virtues of marriage† does not blind his vices and that he tries to convince himself that he has honorable reason for wanting a wife. (175-176). Chaucer states that January has lust for a wife, for who he can have intercourse with, without it being a sin (1258-1264).This shows his lust for women because society tells him his wife shouldShow MoreRelatedSatire : The Princess Bride956 Words   |  4 Pageswere they express their selves using irony or a lot of ridicule to show people stupidity. In my thesis essay, I want to show the reader that I have a full concept of what the essay is about while showing how satire is used in the topic I chose. In William Goldman’s novel, a comedy entitled â€Å"The Princess Bride†. There is a lot of satire that is paraphrased in the book. The book focuses on fairy tale land themes along with bits and pieces focused on the fantasy genre as well. The satire elements usedRead MoreMarriage And The Role Of Women2150 Words   |  9 PagesKate Eickhoff Dr. White IB 11 English 28 November 2016 Marriage Essay During the 14th century, marriage and the role of women in the marriage were very different from today. Most marriages in the 14th century occurred between an older man and a young girl; a girl is usually chosen because they were pure and could produce the most heirs. The bride’s family would pay the husband through a dowry, consisting of land, money, or anything of high value. The more unattractive the women were, the more theRead MoreFeminine Narrative in Alice Walkers The Color Purple Essay1472 Words   |  6 Pagesthe author of â€Å"Narration Produces Gender: Femininity as Affect and Effect in Alice Walker’s The Color Purple†, analyzes the usefulness of the novel’s narration approaches, focusing on the meaning of Nettie’s letters to Celie and especially the fairy-tale unity in Celie’s last letter. Using The Color Purple as illustrated example, refusing to consider the accounts of gender and sexuality, the author suggests that the applic ations of culture’s â€Å"feminine mythologies† in the novel give readers chancesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Merchant Of Venice 1918 Words   |  8 PagesPerformance Analysis of T he Merchant of Venice Jordan Thomas Mullineaux-Davis William Shakespeare has regularly throughout time been referred to and could be viewed as anti-Semitic because of the cultural implications within many of his plays. A particularly strong example of this could be The Merchant of Venice. This essay will explore arguments of post-colonialism within The Merchant of Venice, discussing the pertinent issues of anti-semitism, racial isolation and prejudice. It will also commentRead MoreWashington Irving, American Story Teller Essay2312 Words   |  10 Pagespossibilities of the American landscape.† Although Irving wrote over twenty volumes, including essays, poems, histories, biographies, and more, in class, we have focused on his fiction. Irving dispersed many beliefs and legends of his time, and the past, into his stories. He also made great use of American themes in these literary pursuits. Such details along with existent people and events interlaced in his imaginary tales are some of the reasons I find his work so distinctive an d enjoyable. WashingtonRead More Feminism in Christina Rossettis Goblin Market Essay2281 Words   |  10 Pagesa sign of weakness, and Rossettis poem mocks this obsession with its fairytale-like construction. The Victorian people also viewed excessive sexuality in a negative light, associating it with the lower classes and tribal cultures. In the slums marriage was virtually unknown and . . . no form of vice or sexuality cause[d] surprise or attract[ed] attention. . . . [This view] suggests transferance of sins we fear in ourselves (Wohl 1). When the sisters first encounter the goblins, Laura instructsRead MoreMark Twain Is The Pen Name Used By American Writer1879 Words   |  8 Pagescareer were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Like everyone else, Mark Twain had a personal life beyond his writings which consisted of a marriage and children. Lesser known of his works, Mark Twain published a science-fiction novel along with many short stori es and essays. 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The exceptions to this are the two essays Reification and the Consciousness of the Proletariat and Towards a Methodology

Should Nurses Disclose Hiv Status Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Globally human life is exposed to a premier threat of deathly HIV virus which has halted 35 million people to decease and 34 million were populating with HIV boulder clay 2011. In the recent epoch, augmented figure of I.V drug users, insecure blood transfusion and multiple sex spouses are considered high hazards for HIV transmittal, on the contrary fright of stigmatisation, deficiency of credence in the community and effects on sexual relationship are some critical factors which hinder revelation of HIV position and advancing rapid spread of HIV among vulnerable people. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Nurses Disclose Hiv Status Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Continuing the secretiveness of HIV position means endangering others life. Should the septic one hazard the life of others? I assert that unwraping HIV position to sexual spouses and household will diminish hazard of HIV transmittal, better entree to medical intervention and increased chances to societal and moral support for the patient. Advocates argue that the foremost of import benefit of unwraping HIV position to sexual spouse and household is to cut down the hazard of transmittal. Although to make up one’s mind when and how to portion the dismaying HIV positive position is hard but after the revelation, sexual spouses and household members become watchful to cognize their ain HIV position. To command HIV epidemics, Voluntary HIV proving and unwraping can efficaciously cut down hazard behaviours among vulnerable persons ( WHO, 2004 ) . Besides that, the most dynamic effect of Sharing HIV position with sexual spouse is involvement in preventative sexual behaviour. Sexual spouse become interested to cognize the different path of HIV transmittal to follow preventative schemes. We know that despite of the singular promotion in the field of medicine no vaccinums are available for HIV. However, the merely defensive tool is to affect the vulnerable population in precautional behaviours. Research based literatures have concluded that after unwraping HIV position the most frequent preventative behaviour followed by testing is addition in the usage of rubbers ( Lauretta et al, 2010 ) . Furthermore, in the survey of Niccolai, Dorst, Myer A ; Kissinger ( 1999, as cited in Lauretta et al. , 2010 ) it was concluded that the usage of rubber among those who havenaa‚Â ¬a„?t unwrap their HIV position to sexual spouse was about 23 % comparison to 73 % among those who have disclosed. The advocates besides claim that unwraping HIV increase the inclination towards better intervention chances. Normally in our ain cultural context after sharing any alarming diagnosing, non merely patient but customarily his close relations remain in battle to place such intervention centre which is easy accessible and cost effectual. Besides, those who have already suffered from the same disease shared their experiences and battles for intervention which become helpful in designation of different agencies to acquire rid of the disease. During my clinical in civil infirmary Karachi, I have encountered two HIV positive immature patients. The parents of both patients knew the diagnosing and the male parent of one patient despite of limited income shifted his boy to Aga khan university infirmary for quality intervention. Certain intervention like HAART therapy if received in initial phase can cut down the lay waste toing consequence of HIV virus. HAART therapy decreases the patterned adv ance of HIV to AIDS by 86 % ( Sterne et al. , 2005 ) . Early designation, revelation and entree to intervention are good for the better forecast of any disease. Instrumental, informational, emotional and fiscal advantages can be achieved to better entree to medicine through unwraping HIV position to supportive web ( Waddell A ; Messeri, 2006 ) . In the survey of Waddell A ; Messeri ( 2006 ) it was concluded that those who did non concealed their HIV positive position from any family member the average odds of intervention was 0.64 with a high support while those who did non unwrap their Status the average odds of intervention was 0.21. In add-on, different researches have proved the relationship between the effectivity of antiretroviral therapies and HIV forecast. About 80 % of patients are now alive 10 old ages after sero-conversion due to ART ( Oppenheim, 2009 ) . HIV marks CD4 immune cells of the organic structure finally decreases the opposition power of the organic structure and the rate of timeserving infections like Tuberculosis ( TB ) addition. Preventing the patient signifier these timeserving infections can better life quality of HIV persons. In 2010 among 34 million instances of HIV worldwide, 1.1 million instances in sub-Saharan Africa were estimated holding HIV related TB ( Suthar et al. , 2010 ) . To command the overpowering effects of HIV /AIDS revelation facilitate entree to the support commissions. There are different organisations in different states working for bettering the life criterion of HIV patients, for illustration Alaskan AIDS Assistance Association ( 2008 ) supply aid to 300 HIV single yearly in the signifier of money, medicine, occupations, lodging, and instruction in Alaska ( USA ) . Unwraping HIV position seems helpful to acquire societal and emotional support from household. Not unwraping oneaa‚Â ¬a„?s HIV position is striping patient from psychological support which is possible to be achieved through revelation. Family members, friends and equal group become more sort and credence is increased. While believing about and protecting self from the negative reaction ( e.g. favoritism, rejection, and stigmatisation ) from the community, HIV patient attempt to maintain their position secrete with a fright that if my household come to cognize about the diagnosings what will be the effects? It becomes the cause of societal isolation and produces bad impacts like emphasis, depression and low self-pride. But revelation increases societal support, household credence and beef up relationships between patients and household ( WHO, 2004 ) . These positive attacks from the household non merely cut down stress degree but besides the instrumental, moral and fiscal support from household increases the degree of self-esteem. The important others of the HIV positive patient facilitate induction and attachment to HIV intervention. Harmonizing to Norman, Chopra A ; Kadiyala ( 2006 ) revelation of HIV position can enable the activation of household or community support web and cut down morbidity through better psychological direction. Oppositions argue that HIV position of patient should non be disclosed because unwraping the diagnosing consequences in stigmatisation and patients feel fright of rejection in household and community. Furthermore, oppositions besides claim that HIV positive patients are discriminated in the society, their rights of confidentiality are violated and revelation to sexual spouse affects sexual relationship. Due to the mentioned grounds oppositions support to maintain the diagnosing in secretiveness. Protecting others from catching disease is ethical and moral duty of every person. To diminish the opposition and increase credence of HIV positive patient, cumulative attempt are needed to convey a drastic alteration in people perception through verbally pass oning guidance and through engagement of media. As a nurse it is our premier duty to aware the people about HIV and alter the perceptual experience of people about HIV persons. Oppositions besides argue that revelation consequence sexual relationship but one time the position is shared with the sexual spouse does non intend that sexual activities can non be continued any longer. There are alternate preventative steps like usage of rubbers and serosorting to forestall the hazard of transmittal. In peculiar survey HIV positive drug users after sharing their position with their sexual spouses they were experiencing more comfy and relax with a lower anxiousness degree about HIV transmittal ( Julianne, Daniel, Sarah A ; Tinal, 2005 ) . Evidences exist that reding can assist to increase the frequence of revelation to sexual spouse. The effects of guidance was evaluated by a cohort surveies with the result of 56-65 % revelation rate among those who attended six reding session comparison to those who attended three Sessionss and did non unwrap their position ( Scaly et al. , 2012 ) . To reason, being the member of a wellness attention squad we can play a function of pedagogue, counsellor, and advocate. We can cut down the incidence of HIV transmittal by bettering the degree of instruction to allow the people know the path of its transmittal and bar. Today as a nurse we can play function to urge such policies which could cut down the stigma and demand to ease HIV persons morally, emotionally, and socially to guarantee more revelation of HIV position. How to cite Should Nurses Disclose Hiv Status Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

A socio-cultural perspective free essay sample

Globalization is the process which has enabled countries all over the world to come together and trade freely with one another. The countries lower down their trade barriers and the world becomes a global village. It has led to increased interdependence and interconnectivity between the countries. The countries are connected economically and technologically with one another and this provides many opportunities to the less developed countries to step forward and compete on a global front. Information and money flow between the countries. Information or goods produced at one part of the world is available at the blink of the eye in the other parts as well. This is the scenario created by globalization. Just like two sides of the coin, globalization also has its good and bad side. The cultures of the developed countries are influencing the culture of the less developed countries in the form of movies, books, and are influencing the next generation. As the dominant cultures are coming to the front, the moral, ethical values of the less developed countries are getting lost somewhere. â€Å"I do not want my house to be walled in on all sides and my windows to be stuffed. I want the cultures of all lands to be blown about my house as freely as possible. But I refuse to be blown off my feet by any. † —Mahatma Gandhi There are many carvans which came to India, last being the mughals which led to the evolution of composite culture. Following the same trend of accept and be accepted. The fusion of this composite culture with the westernization led to the cultural hybridization. India, by embracing liberalization policies, has not only led to immense development but also have it strong and bold identification with the help of certain personalities on the global platform eg. Amir khan appointed as UNICEF ambassador in 2011, Amitabh Bachchan leading the rally with the Olympic torch in his hands, a day before the opening ceremony, Samajwadi Party chief Mulayam Singh Yadav has been awarded the prestigious International Jurists Award 2012 etc. Flows of cultural goods—films , food and other products Increasing concentration of the film industry in Hollywood and the growing influence of films and entertainment on youth lifestyles have attracted many stars from foreign to work in bollywood and they were heartly welcomed by the Indian audience eg. Amy Jackson, Katrina Kaif etc. Also many celebrities contributed to Hollywood successes eg. Oscar winning movie Slumdog Millionare , Anil Kapoor in Mission Impossible 4 which grossed $256. 2 million at the worldwide box office. This is what we call globollyzation. World trade in cultural goods—cinema, photography, radio and television, printed matter, literature, music and visual arts— quadrupled, from $95 billion in 1980 to more than $380 billion in 1998. i Global culture is not about the English language or brand name sneakers—it is about universal ethics based on universal human rights and respect for the freedom, equality and dignity of all individuals. There has been noticed a shift in preference of emerging middle class in the choices of food. Instead of going to an Indian restruaunt and spending bulks of money they prefer enjoying cheap and fast cuisines offered by many MNCs such as Dominoes, Mc Donalds etc. In a country where 80 percent of the population is Hindu, McDonald’s pursued a culturally sensitive strategy and thus, removed all offensive items from its menus. Consequently, beef was eliminated, as cows are sacred to Hindus, and eating their meat is taboo. Despite their elimination of beef from their Indian menu, McDonald’s was forced to leave India 10 years ago, after Hindu activists found that the company was using beef extract in the making of their French fries. McDonald’s learned its lesson, and is now ultra sensitive to cultural and religious precepts in India. Confirming this, McDonald’s has just announced that it will be opening its first pure vegetarian restaurant in Amritsar, a city of located in northwest India, sometime next year. Addition of Indian tadka in Dominoes Taco recently is what Rolland Roberston calls Glocalization i. e adaptation of global products to suit local tastes. Barista is the Indian answer to Star Bucks, and new and rather expensive location used by the globalised Indian, quite distinctly different from the traditional coffee houses (adda). ii Indianess now is driven by a desire to make us into a tidy, if somewhat suburban nation-state, at a safe distance from the downtown US. Globalization is credited to raise the living standards of people. With an incredible increase in urbanization rate it has resulted in sky high rates of property, luxury apartments, villas residential localities with malls , pools and other such comforts. iii Luxury townships at the outskirts of Delhi’s national capital region (NCR) have come up, as well as a no. of shopping malls, golf courses, gated communities and multi storey business buildings mushroom across the city. These utopian visions are designed, imagined and circulated through a host of media. The Victorian style villas amidst green hills and meadows, flamboyantly designed gardens and lakes are the compulsory requirements of the bulk of people with rocketing salaries willing to invest in real estate. iv This ‘Gold-Rush Mood’ has turned the real estate market into one of the booming sectors of post liberalisation India. Assotech, a major real estate developer in North-India, promises ‘Truly International Life Style’ for those who buy one of the luxury apartments at Windsor Park in Indirapuram, Greater Delhi. ‘Global Living for Global Indians’ is there motto and the advertisement brochures produced for this display skylines of high rise apartment buildings. v . This is what Christiane Brosius calls Dubaization of India. With the MNCs becoming increasingly global, India dominates the global IT services, its offshore business doubling every three years. India has become to the new world of business process outsourcing (BPO) which includes everything from payroll to billing to IT support. 1. 4 million people applied to work at Infosys in Bangalore last year. vi The IT services boom has helped to transform the Indian economy, which is now growing at more than 9% per year, the same rate as China. Several dynamic new Indian companies are now challenging the multinationals for global leadership in this area, including TCS, Infosys and WIPRO. vii Thus, it gives an indication how globalization has provided employment to millions of people. Hundreds of gay rights activists marched through New Delhi on Sunday to demand that they be allowed to lead lives of dignity in Indias deeply conservative society. Dozens of demonstrators carried a nearly 15-meter (50-foot) -long, rainbow-colours banner and waved placards demanding that the government extend the scope of anti-discrimination laws to schools, workplaces and public and private spaces. viii FEMIINISM Professor Kenneth Dau- Schmidt noted that with globalization, it is possible that the global economy will provide women with more opportunities and limit the extent to which they can be exploited in bargaining relationships. Professor Ong, as we shall see below, critiques the assumptions behind what she calls strategic sisterhood. In short, she opts for what she calls a weak universal of female emancipation in a global network of participation, resistance and reform. x The impact of globalization on women has been debated many a times , with some arguing that economic changes have led to increased hardships for working class and lower caste women and some arguing that it has led to emancipation of the living conditions of middle class working women. On one hand it is said that MNCs exploit the labour of ‘young, underpaid and disadvantaged women’ in free trade zones and call centers use ‘young lower middle class, educated women’ with few labour rights, or limited ability for collective action and on the other hand they argue that it has led to women empowerment in service sectors and through various beauty pageants e. g. a national law on sexual harassment was passed in 2003 (Sexual Harassment Bill, 2003). Right-wing concerns of creating the ideal hindu women are also based on a partial acceptance of the rights of the middle class women to assert their physical beauty as in the case of Hindutva support for hindu women such as Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai winning international beauty contests, somewhat contradicted by discomfort with the sexual freedom that this could imply for women. To be acceptable, women are allowed to look ‘westernized’, but demonstrate that they have not lost ‘hindu’ values of chastity and modesty. The emergence of monoculturalists in recent times, craving for the political loaves and fishes or for the imposition of hindutva has created a hullabaloo. It can be observed during Valentine’s day or in any park or lovers point especially in Delhi and Mumbai, the Shivsena and Swadeshi Jagran Munch of Bhartiya Janta Party(BJP) being popular among them. The imposition of swaraj has been misinterpreted as elimination of mcdonald-isation and coco-colization. According to them, British Imperialism gradually changed itself into a more subtle form which is proving to be more harmful to all non-Western cultures both in the short run and the long run. They believe globalization to be a romanticisation of Indian Culture. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh(RSS) rampaged the concerts of the famous Pakistani singer, Gulam Ali in Mumbai, did not allow the shooting of Deepa Mehta’s film Water which depicted the plight of hindu widows. Aamir khan who happened to comment on Narmada issue was boycotted and his film Fanaa was not permitted to be screened in Gujarat by the RSS combine volunteers. V. Sundaram says The unbridled expansion of western culture has continued at an accelerated rate along with the denigration and decline of Hindu culture, civilization, religion, art, literature and customs. This new Colonialism has taken on several new faces or rather put on new masks. It cleverly masquerades itself through labels and slogans like democracy, humanitarian rights, gender equality, internationalism, free trade and humanitarianism. In the name of modernization and Globalization it pretends to be uplifting peoples whom it is really exploiting. This is not very different in either kind or intent from old Western Colonialism British Imperialism in the Indian context which vaunted itself as the benign bringer of Civilization and culture to the uncivilized world. It was given the glorious title of White Mans Burden. Thus in India the Hindus converted by the British to Christianity were encouraged to think, behave and live like Englishmen. This is what I call Macaulayism. This term derives from Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800 1859) who was a Member of the Governor Generals Council in Calcutta in the 1830s. He introduced the English system of education to produce Brown Sahibs who were to be English in taste and temperament. xiii According to Anita Bella, stories about the gods told today in books and on television are now bereft of their religious significance; Hanuman is just another superman for the urban elite children of India. Also a cultural hijacking of words of sanskrit and hindi origin has been done in James Camerons movie Avatar as avatar in English refers to a computer users representation of himself/herself, in Hinduism it has sacred and religious connotations as it is associated with the ten reincarnations of Lord Vishnu.   Globalization has led to several changes in the society, some of them have been for good and some for bad. The society comprises of group of individual sharing various cultures or believes. Indian society has varied languages and cultures. With the advent of globalization, there has been a drastic impact on the Indian Society. The MNCs not only established their feet in India, but also brought with themselves the various sociological and cultural changes which affected the Indian Society at large. The impact of globalization can be seen on the Indian languages. Even Indian languages are changing and borrowing from each other and people are moving towards some kind of a global language. If we were to come back a century later, we may fail to understand the language of the day, Sadhu said. xv There has been a growing trend of English and other foreign language in the society. People pay more focus on other languages and feel proud in speaking those languages. Even in schools the mode of communication is preferably English and the children are supposed to be well versed in English. 1. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION The first is the development of a bicultural identity or perhaps a hybrid identity . A good example of bicultural identity is among the educated youth in India who despite being integrated into the global fast paced technological world, may continue to have deep rooted traditional Indian values with respect to their personal lives and choices such as preference for an arranged marriage, caring for parents in their old age. xvi The second issue is identity confusion, which individuals from non-western cultures experience as a response to globalization. Identity confusion among young people may be reflected in problems such as depression, suicide, and substance use. A variety of cultures have experienced a sharp increase in suicide and substance use among their young people since their rapid move toward joining the global culture. xvii The third change brought about by globalization is the growth of the self-selected culture, which means people choose to form groups with like-minded persons who wish to have an identity that is untainted by the global culture and its values appealing. One of the most vehement criticisms of globalization is that it threatens to create one homogeneous worldwide culture in which all children grow up wanting to be like the latest pop music star, eat Big Macs, vacation at Disney World, and wear blue jeans, and Nikes. xviii The fourth consequence of globalization is the spread of emerging adulthood. The timing of transitions to adult roles such as work, marriage and parenthood are occurring at later stages in most parts of the world as the need for preparing for jobs in an economy that is highly technological and information based is slowly extending from the late teens to the mid-twenties.